Pinwormis a frequent guest in children's groups. This is a resident of a small and large intestine of medium size (up to 1 cm long), which lays eggs, leaving the rectum, on skin folds, underwear and bedding. This happens more often at night, followed by severe itching in the anus. Pinworm eggs mature after 4-6 hours and are ready to cause disease, they are perfectly preserved in the environment. They enter the human body with dust, dirty hands, through soft toys, underwear, dishes.
Diagnosis - scraping of the skin around the anus and examination under a microscope, at least 3 times at 3-day intervals.
Once pinworm eggs are found, the entire infected family should be examined.
Around 350 million people in the world are infected with enterobiasis, when one family member is infected, the risk of disease for all households is very high.
Toxocara - parasite
Toxocarais a parasite in the digestive system of dogs. In the U. S. and Europe, 80% of puppies and more than 50% of adult dogs have toxocariasis. Human surveys have shown that up to 37% of the population is sensitive to Toxocara antigen. This means that these people were or are now carriers of toxocara.
Toxocara is up to 30 cm long, in this form it lives in the body of its permanent owner - a dog. The dog releases toxocara eggs into the sand, the ground, where they can survive for several years. With sand they fall into the hands of children who play in the sandboxes, and also stick to shoes and clothes. Entering a person is a dead end for the parasite, as the larvae mature, spread through the veins and internal organs, but do not stand out.
Stool analysis is not at all informative to make a diagnosis, a biopsy of the affected organs (usually the liver) and immunological tests are required.
The most tragic is the onset of toxocara in the eyes (from 15% of cases of eye removal in the world due to toxocara), lesions of the lungs, heart, brain, muscles are also unpleasant - fever, cough, enlarged liver, lymph node inflammation, skin rash, nervous andmental disorders, convulsions.
Ascaris - parasite
Ascaris- affects up to 100 million people a year. It enters a person with food (usually uncooked herbs, vegetables and fruits), raw water, dirty hands, dust and is actively transmitted by flies. The length of the roundworm is up to 40 cm, one female roundworm lays up to 200, 000 eggs a day, which enter the soil and are well kept in it for years. A swallowed roundworm egg turns into a larva in the small intestine, then penetrates the intestinal wall, enters the blood capillaries, is transmitted to the liver, brain, eyes, heart and lungs. In the process of movement, roundworms feed on blood - erythrocytes and nutrients. Anemia (anemia) is a common companion of ascariasis.
Larval migration causes allergies in humans, pain throughout the body, fever, increased risk of asthma, arthritis, neurodermatitis, eczema, seizures. If it enters the lungs due to rupture of blood vessels, bleeding and hemoptysis are possible, on X-rays - infiltrates, as in the tuberculous process.
Moving along the bronchi to the pharynx, roundworms with sputum enter the mouth, and from there - into the esophagus, stomach and intestines. Roundworms are retained in the intestines that lean against the walls of the intestines, causing inflammation, infiltration, and bleeding. Complications are possible when the roundworm enters the nasal sinuses, liver, bile ducts, pancreas and kidneys. There are abdominal obstruction, suppurative processes in the abdominal cavity. The diagnosis is based on stool analysis (at least 3 times), immunological tests - in the period of larvae.
Hookworm - parasite
Hookworm- can enter a person through the skin when walking barefoot (leaves no traces), as well as like a worm through the mouth. Hook size - up to 1, 5 cm, migrates and damages in the same way as the worm. A feature is such a symptom as itchy limbs and more pronounced anemia.
Stool analysis, as for most invasions, should be performed at least 3 times.
Wide ribbon - parasite
Wide tapewormis a large long liver,the length of one individual is up to 10 meters, the lifespan in the human body is up to 25 years.Can you imagine what happens to a man if there are several such large centenarians inside?
Imagine how the worm twists in the gut, how little space is left in the lumen of the human gut! If the worm were "straightened", then half of its length would hang! Otherwise, the worm absorbs all the necessary and useful substances for itself all over the body.
You can get infected by eating raw, under-salted fish, crabs and caviar. Symptoms of the presence of tapeworm can be anemia, exhaustion, abdominal pain, especially signs such as increased salivation in the morning, vomiting, nausea, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness. Bowel obstruction is possible.
A completely stunning effect on an unprepared person is created by the discharge of a severed “tail” of the parasite from the gut - this is a tapeworm feature that helps in making a diagnosis.
Beef and swine tapeworms are parasites
Beef and pork tapeworms are parasites that enter the human body with raw meat, meat products, lard.
Adult beef tapeworms are up to 7 meters long, pig tapeworms up to 2 meters, have a lifespan of up to 20 years, and the main danger is in the migration of larvae that are able to penetrate even the eyes and brain.
Echinococci and Alveococci - parasites
Echinococci and alveococci are parasites that infect a person through contact with animal carriers, drinking contaminated water, swallowing soil with berries and vegetables.
Larvae from the intestine are transmitted through the bloodstream through the body, entering the liver, lungs, kidneys, bones and brain. The larva turns into a cyst that grows by pushing and squeezing the surrounding tissues. Symptoms depend on the location of the cyst and the degree of compression of the organ.
Rupture of a cyst is a very severe complication.
Giardia - parasite
Giardiais the simplest parasitic animal of the whiplash class. It is pear-shaped, 10–20 dužm long; the dorsal side is convex, the ventral is concave, and forms a vacuum for temporary binding to the epithelial cells of the host intestine. 2 oval cores, 4 pairs of whips. It lives in the human intestine (mainly in children), mainly in the duodenum, less often in the bile duct and gallbladder, causing giardiasis. Asymptomatic parasitic carriers are common. Infection with cysts occurs when protozoa enter the lower intestine through the mouth when contaminated food or water enters the body, as well as with dirty hands, etc. The incidence is sporadic. Giardiasis is common in all parts of the world.